Poets present a culture Essay

Many poets present their own cultures in many different ways. â€Å"Search for my tongue† by Sujata Bhatt is about an Indian woman who moved to the United States. She feels out of place, and the poet explains what it is like to speak and think in two languages. We see that she wonders whether she might lose the language she began with, fearing that she is not herself. We also find out that her mother tongue remains with her in her dreams, but sometimes fails to come to surface. However, by the end, she is confident that it will always be part of who she is. â€Å"Presents from My Aunt in Pakistan† is about a girl who was born in Pakistan. She came to England when she was young. When she gets older she received gifts from her aunts in Pakistan. She gets various traditional Pakistani clothes. Whenever she thought about her nationality she did not feel whole.   he poem was written to show how the girl felt when her friends saw her clothes. The poem is written in free verse: the phrases are arranged loosely across the page. It is divided into stanzas of varying length. This poem has many small details which are spotted by the reader. These details give an insight to their lives as children, whether the memories are good or bad, it is these memories that make them who they are.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Small tin boats†Ã‚  The main difference the poet uses is the comparison of eastern and western life. The main thing that the poet used is clothing. The monologue spoken by the girl shows how she respects her eastern culture, yet longs for western lifestyles. The main reason she would not like to wear her eastern clothes seems to be that is it impractical. In Pakistan, the more intricate and detailed the clothes, the more fashionable; however that is not always the case in all western places.  As both of these poems are written as monologues, they both use enjambment, this gives a sense of speed or urgency. It also personalises the poem as if someone was speaking it. â€Å"Search for my tongue† is written in 3 stanzas the second of which is written in Gujarati.

Frontier Thesis Essay

US History I Honors Frontier Thesis Jan. 14, 2012 Frontier Thesis Analysis Throughout the early 20th Century, Fredrick Jackson Turner changed many people’s views on evolution by creating his idea of the Frontier Thesis. Throughout his entire thesis he explained that the more west the settlers move, the more distant and individualized they become from their homeland of Europe. After receiving his PhD from Johns Hopkins University and later becoming a professor of history at Wisconsin and Harvard University, he became one of the most intelligent men when it came to history. His encyclopedic knowledge of American history earned him the reputation by 1910 as one of the two or three most influential historians in the country at that time. After completing the US History I class, I can confidently say that I agree with Jackson’s thesis. History has proven that as the years progress so does the evolution of the American people. Not only did people evolve more as they moved west, individuals also established their own religion, government, and educati on system. Religion was a topic that was extremely strict in Europe; it was their way or no way. As more immigrants came to America looking for a fresh start, they realized they had more freedom to do as they pleased, for example, the Mormons. The Mormons were not accepted by many, therefore forcing them to move around the country and expand westward into the unknown territory. The farther into the new territory they went, the farther away they were from anyone who had any say in what they could do. Even though the Mormon religion was frowned upon by many throughout the country and ended up coming to a halt when their leader Joseph Smith died, it was a prime example of how separating from Europe gave people the option to have more of an expression of how they wanted to live them lives. Moving westward showed that the farther west a group of people who were frowned upon travel, the less people wanted to do with them. Government and security were extremely big parts that made the United States become more of an independent country. The United States refused to let one ruler have all of the power, just like they did in England. To prevent this from happening, the US created a democracy. Being controlled by someone who is across an entire ocean made it extremely hard for them to monitor what was going on and moving west made it nearly impossible for the British to even have an idea of what was going on. Putting more distant in between lead to the realization that moving west gave them the freedom of an entire new life. In today’s day and age, the world in which we live in thrives on education. It is proven that the more education that one has, the farther they are able to go in life. Education gives many people opportunities that they otherwise wouldn’t have. Depending where you live, you often learn things very differently. For example, in New Jersey many people know about the Civil War, but if you travel down south the Civil War is not common. Many refer to the war as the War of Northern Aggression or the War for Southern Independence. The more west you travel into the United States, the more the story of the Civil War might also change. The more west an individual may move, the more distant and uninvolved they will become in what is going on in with the majority. Every region of the United States has their own criteria and curriculum; this proves Tuner’s Frontier Thesis because the more distant and spread out over an area individuals become the more different and individuali zed their lives become. Fredrick Jackson Turner’s Thesis does an extremely good job of explaining why life is the way it is today. The more distant that is between two groups of people, the more likely they are to go down different routes in life. As generations moved farther west they became more American by losing the traditions of their ancestors in Europe and creating their own. The newer generations begin to pick up traditions from others around them and combine them with what they were taught. As the years go on, nothing can stay the same. Things and people change, which is just a part of life. It is hard to  remain in contact with people who are half a world away. People were bound to become more Americanized as they moved west, it was just a matter of time.

4 Personality Types Taught by Angels

The four personality types taught by angels are different because each person has different personality, personality, character, ability, sensibility, so that each person succeeds. Therefore, successful methods can be widespread, but you need to consider the rules of success depending on the type of different personality. However, many authors of books on How to Succeed will create success rules only based on the type of personality. If a person has the same personality type as the author of How to Succeed, that person may like the successful way of that author. Have you heard that someone is a person of type A? Have you ever thought what they mean? In fact, there are four different personality types that fall into the main categories. They are called type A, B, C, D. Each personality type has specific features and characteristics that distinguish it from other types. People of personality type A tend to concentrate on competition. They like to attain greatness and they do not like i t when they need to spend a lot of time to experience success. People with this character often tackle multiple projects at the same time in many cases. Because, in most cases, it needs to be seen as a winner. They sometimes feel unsafe. Especially, in order not to be regarded as a success and to have the opportunity to achieve the goal quickly, we will go to a breakthrough on a regular basis. The four personality types taught by angels are different because each person has different personality, personality, character, ability, sensibility, so that each person succeeds. Therefore, successful methods can be widespread, but you need to consider the rules of success depending on the type of different personality. However, many authors of books on How to Succeed will create success rules only based on the type of personality. If a person has the same personality type as the author of How to Succeed, that person may like the successful way of that author. When you know what you are look ing for, there are four easy-to-find consumers. There are six types of fiscal expenditure, combined with four personality types, you can use a powerful collection tool as a collector. As a good collector tells you, knowledge is the most powerful tool in the collection. Analysis of collections and sales Consumers look for facts and data. People with this type of personality will study facilities before they touch. They are not those who decide to pay the debt. They may first check the debt to the customer or insurance department. Prior to making a decision or deciding a decision, we will focus on validating information and selecting it.

Bridge building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Bridge building - Essay Example However, some simple bridges are set on the ground without first installation of the supporting systems it is of importance to note that when this is done underground preparation has to be done. Every edge of the bridge is always tested to make sure that there is stability. Shoring and underpinning techniques are important to ensure that we come up with a stable bridge. For more stability, excavation of the soil as well as the backfilling of the soil is important however, it is not necessary. Piers are always laced vertically on the edges of the bridge to make sure that the bridge gets the correct support. To make these piers, we can use a range of materials ranging from masonry, steel, or concrete and to ensure that the base is stable, we have to embed it with concrete. Building the bridge When building a beam bridge, the bridge span is always made at a different place and then transported to the area where the bridge is to be made. The bridge is made by bringing together two concre te or steel girders that get support from some decking materials. To add weight, the bridges are made with grudges, which comprise solid beams and built with trusses that are webbed to provide support. A crane is then used to lift the bridge to the supports then it is welded to ensure that the bridge is firm. ... In a well made beam bridge, the forces do not exist. The main risk that may be found here is the accidental collapse of the bridge in case the bridge is not correctly placed on the supports, this leads to the bridge collapsing on the ground due to lack of support. To prevent this, ground engineers are useful in ensuring that the bridge is correctly placed on the supports. There are a number of considerations that have to be put in place to ensure that the construction is economically feasible as well as being environmentally friendly. First the bridge has to be made of materials that are not soluble in water since some of these bridges are placed above water channels and if the materials are water soluble then it will pollute the water below. We also have to weigh the costs of the materials to ensure that we use the cheapest materials that are available in the market. And all in all the workers have to know the right proportions of the materials that they are using so that there is n o wastage that occurs in the making of the bridges. Bolting The best bolting technique for this particular bridge is the shear connection method. In this type of bolting, a central plate is made to align with the central beam so that a hole is drilled inside it for the bolt to b able to get into it. To attach the shear connection, we use standard bolts shear bolts. Arch bridges Construction Construction of the arch bridge starts with the designing of the bridge. When designing, you have to have the arch and the roadway in the mind. Most of the known arches are found under the road, however it is important to know that some arches exists such that roads pass through them. All these have to be kept in mind during the design method. After the design, we have to prepare and

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Research paper - Essay Example The benefits of online shopping are numerous one of them being one can shop from home and does not need to go to the mall as one will shop online and the product is delivered at the doorstep. Online shopping saves time and resources as one will be able to shop at the comfort of their homes and one can shop whenever they want hence making it convenient (Rajaraman, 2000). Online shopping will provide variety for the buyer to choose from various shops as there are many providers and this gives the buyer the opportunity to compare products and choose the one that best meets their requirements. Online shopping also has hazards or drawbacks that makes people skeptic about using it. There exists a time lag from payment of the products required and delivery, unlike buying from a store where one exchanges money with the product. Online shopping also does not allow the customer the chance to test the product before using it and if it is defective when delivered it may inconvenience the buyer (Rajaraman, 2000). There are high shipping costs for [products and this makes products sell at a higher price than the usual when using online shopping. Online shopping is also faced by security issues as payment methods over the internet through credit cards may not be secure and it may lead to insecure transactions. However with proper implementation of security measures, online shopping provides an easy and convenient means of trading that saves the customer time and offers a wide variety of products to choose from. I chose online shopping—benefits and hazards as it has become a topic of discussion today because globalization has prompted the need for businesses to initiate electronic commerce in order to be competitive in the market. This topic will help me learn how the advantages and drawbacks of electronic commerce hence it could help me when I start my own business. Searching on the internet was easier than on the online library as I only needed to type in

Stanley Cavell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stanley Cavell - Essay Example One of the most significant elements of Cavell's analysis is his effort to question the nature of knowledge in the light of how knowledge could provide a rational basis for morality. In part III, chapter IX, Cavell declares: Dialectically, this problem [the problem of morality] is reflected in a fact about "moral arguments" -- the "methods" (to use Sidgwick's term) by which we undertake to arrive at a knowledge, or "rational conviction", as to what ought to be done -- which has insistently and constantly occupied the attention of moral philosophers, viz., that such arguments are always, and dishearteningly, liable to break down, or end in stalemate, and the question which prompted the argument either left without answer or with incompatible answers which any further argument would seem helpless to resolve (247). This seems to suggest that Cavell views the acquisition of knowledge and the debate about moral reasoning to exclusively belong to the concerns of philosophers. Cavell thus, in a Wittgensteinian fashion, seems to be despairing of the hopes for settling moral arguments. But, upon closer examination, Cavell is offering quite an insightful method for resolving moral disputes. Herein, Cavell’s resolution rests on seeing that some moral disputes will never arrive at a point of mutual agreement, and so individuals would have to â€Å"agree to disagree† amicably. Also, he stresses the importance of a resolution wherein both individuals come to understand the other individual’s point of view, despite their unending moral disagreements. It is in this regard that Cavell advocates the idea of moral perfectionism, and the idea of democracy from within. For, self-knowledge is, for Cavell, fundamental for moral discourse. It is important to note that Cavell, quite consciously, echoes Greek dramatists and culture in his ethical analysis. It seems, then, that Cavell, in referring to both knowledge and morality, is referring to three main figures in ancient philosophy: Socrates himself, Plato and Aristotle. These ethical schools of thought viewed knowledge and morality as intimately connected. Plato, for instance, advocates that the road towards the true life of the spirit is a path of purification where man exerts effort to reach genuine wisdom. The soul is purified as it reaches ever-higher degrees of knowledge; it is healed of its sensible affections and made virtuous. In essence, morality, like any other element of human life and knowledge, is a skill and a body of knowledge. What prevents people from being noble, in Plato's view (expressed by Socrates in the traditional Platonic view), is a lack of knowledge. When people are fully and deeply aware of why it is good to be good, why just behavior is appropriate, they will behave appropriately. Part of this is enlightened self-interest: Both Plato and Aristotle were eudaemonic philosophers, who believed that morality's goal was to create and promote a eudaemonia, narrowly de fined as â€Å"well-being† or â€Å"happiness† but meaning much more broadly a good and overarching spirit of things. Plato and Aristotle's idea of the eudaemonia varied, of course, but both shared the belief that once ethical issues were fully understood, people would realize that it would be against their own enlightened self-

Assay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assay - Essay Example None of the nearby shops duplicate any of the services being provided by the pharmacy; it is the only pharmacy in the area and the next pharmacy is located in the next suburb. The Campbell Medical Centre and Campbell Nursing Home complement the services provided by the pharmacy. The nearest public toilet is located in the building where the Campbell Pharmacy is located. The pharmacy is located near the bus stop and taxi ranks making it very convenient for customers and employees to access. A reasonably-sized car park is located in Blaemy Street, which is the main street in Campbell suburban. The Justice of the Peace in the area is also our pharmacist and therefore a very popular and well-respected man in the community. I have chosen this pharmacy because it is very convenient and offers many advantages for learning. From a customer’s perspective, I was able to assess that the pharmacy’s services and conclude that the pharmacy is able to provide a wide-range of retail services like postal services, gift glass wear, and photocopying services; and retail products like skin and hair products. The pharmacy is also able to offer professional health services through its pharmacists and pharmacy assistants. These services are mostly related to medicine intake and health maintenance advice. The pharmacy is able to provide health related products through its first aid program and weight loss promotion program. It is also able to cater to diabetics through its blood-sugar control and blood-sugar testing program. The overall message that I got from the pharmacy in terms of the services and products it offers is that the pharmacy is available and eager to care not just for the customers who are sick, but also for those who seek to maintain their health. The pharmacy also seeks to provide the c ustomers with other services that they need in order to stay

Potential reviews on peer-reviewed journal articles related to the Literature review

Potential reviews on peer-reviewed journal articles related to the dimension of international entrepreneurship - Literature review Example However international entrepreneurial efforts to gain hold of significant opportunities are disturbed by certain factors limiting accessibility of the international entrepreneur to such opportunity zones. The paper relating to the above fact tends to reflect on the importance of opportunities and how the paradigm of accessibility enhances the value addition to the opportunity exploration activities of the international entrepreneur. International Entrepreneurship Baker, Gedajlovic and Lubatkin (2005) and Giamartino, McDougall and Bird (1993) observe that the concept of international entrepreneurship gains potential in the amalgamation of two distinct sets of studies relating to the domain of ‘International Business’ and ‘Business Entrepreneurship’. The main focus of the International Entrepreneur like the Regional or Local Entrepreneur lies in investigating, evaluating and thereby optimally exploiting the emergence of new opportunities in the global landscap e. The international entrepreneur having gained sight of new opportunities relating to the specific or diversified business domain in the international arena tends to evaluate the accessibility parameters to the same. Thus business decisions are framed not only in terms of the opportunities sighted but also in the process of gaining optimal benefits related to such. Henceforth a successful entrepreneur not only endeavours to locate significant opportunities but also tries to evaluate the institutional and infrastructural support pertaining to the different international regions (Baker, Gedajlovic and Lubatkin, 2005, p.492, 496; Giamartino, McDougall and Bird, 1993, p.39). Plattner (2005) and Peterson (1988) remarks that the dimension of international entrepreneurship gains dominance in the light of globalisation. The emergence of globalization has led to the growth of enhanced cooperation pertaining to transnational boundaries thereby helping in the mutual growth of different nation s. No nation in this globalized climate tends to operate in an isolated mode. Thus solutions to entrepreneurial and other issues are sought from amongst the cooperation and support rendered in terms of infrastructures, policies and opportunities by other global nations that work to form a mutual association like Commonwealth Nations (Plattner, 2005, p.510; Peterson, 1988, p.7). Probing for International Opportunities Czinkota et al (2011) highlights that international companies to become successful in the globalised scale are required to conduct an effective probe to the level of changes occurring in the external environment pertaining to different international regions. The international entrepreneurs to succeed in the highly competitive and changing global business environment are required to understand the pattern and level of alterations happening and thereby effectively adapt to such changes. Organisational managers are thus required to reorganise and restructure the business c oncerns to gain ease of access to potential opportunities and resources in the international business arena (Czinkota et al, 2011, p.25). The international entrepreneur in terms of Czinkota et al (2011) and Secor (2007) is not required to evaluate the characteristics or features of diverse international zones ranging across different geographies in a separate fashion. Rather the entrepreneur

Analysis of a play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of a play - Essay Example Loman is portrayed as a representative of a middle class American who suffered with insecure material existence and isolation. Analyzing the theme, plot, structure, characterization and style of Miller’s Death of a Salesman, one can observe the plight of middle-class people in a capitalist society. Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman describes the trials and tribulations of modern American middle-class people. . Themes like isolation, reality versus illusion, and failure of American success myth, insecure family relations and the evilness of capitalism are successfully depicted in Miller’s play Death of a Salesman. Miller portrays the real life of a typical American middleclass man Willy Loman and his family, who bestows the most part of his life in a private company. Loman tries to drive the family with his maximum facility. Unfortunately, he cannot satisfy his wife Linda and his two sons Biff and Happy. Literary critics have identified the fact that the themes of failure of American success myth and reality versus illusion play a vital role in Miller’s Death of a salesman. The central character in the play, Willy Loman, fails to comprehend the real pulse of the society. Dramatist succeeds to direct the readers to think that Loman is a total failure in his personal life and the same failure leads to his disastrous death at the end of the play. As Harold Bloom comments; â€Å"This tragedy, according to Miller, is the crisis and the reality of American life† (Bloom 44). As a follower of socialist ideologies Arthur Miller harshly criticizes the evilness of capitalism through the pathetic end of his hero Willy Loman. At the end of the play Willy Loman commits suicide in the expectation that his death will be really helpful for his family. He was aware of the fact that after his death Biff will get his father’s insurance money, twenty five thousand pound by which he can enrich his business. Miller reminds the reader horribl e reality of the modern competing capitalist world that offers the value of twenty five thousand pound for a human life and his lifelong service. Loman believes in capitalist ideologies and material existence so that he acts as self-centered. In a conscious effort, Loman forces others to admit that he is an ideal family man. Loman is highly conscious about his son’s misbehavior and his failure as a businessman. It is significant for a reader to comprehend the fact that Loman always fails to advice his son Biff because, he is responsible for his son’s fall. It is merely accidental that Biff became the victim of his Father’s illegal relationship with a prostitute. Therefore, Biff’s unhealthy behavior haunts Loman like horrible nightmare. Miller’s characters are powerful and reader can see a true personality and soul in these characters. Author exposes the protagonist Willy Loman as a symbol of American middle-class people who fail to maintain a struc tured life during the depression era. One can see that Miller’s personal experiences during the depression period have a great influence on his hero Willy Loman. Capitalist ideologies make Willy a man of self possessive and self-centered nature. This self- possessive nature always prevents him to admit his faults. As such, he would scold his sons for trifles in an attempt to hide his own faults. His wife Linda

Commercial bank of kuwait (CBK) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Commercial bank of kuwait (CBK) - Essay Example Characteristics of the industry in which the bank operates Commercial Bank of Kuwait operates in the Kuwait’s banking industries whose environmental features are identifiable. The industry is one of the strongest in the region and this identifies positive prospects such as sustainability and a business’ profit making interests. The industry is also free from unfavorable competition from international financial institutions. It comprises of about ten local banks and nine foreign banks, a number that identifies oligopolistic market. This means that the market players have significant potentials to dictate market factors but competitors can at the same time use such powers to gain competitive advantage over the firm. This further identifies banks’ fears of customer manipulation and leads to significant level of stability in the industry. The industry is also in its developmental stage in which competition is increasing as each bank seeks to expand its market control . Developments in the industry also identify diversification into new products and application of technology for developing new products as well as for efficiency. Innovation has been another characteristic feature of the industry and is a factor to increased level of competition. Favorable political environment has also been reported within the industry with policies that support commercial banks’ stability and operations. The policies indicate stability of the industry, regardless of possible entry by more foreign banks, because of the government policies that focuses on protecting the industry. Further, the minimal market size helps in protecting the industry from further venture by foreign banks because of risks of failing to reach breakeven points by new entrants and the country’s small population explains this (Capital Standards 1). The Industry however faces risks from volatility in two industries that are significant to its sustainability. The industriesâ€℠¢ dynamism affects performance and profitability of the banking industry that is also susceptible to threats of concentration. The role of Islamic banking that is gaining momentum in the country is another threat to the banking industry because of its ability to reduce the market base. Islamic banking is a significant threat because of the country’s dominant faith that is likely to induce bias towards the religious banks (Capital Standards 1). The Kuwait’s banking industry is also susceptible to global economic factors as global recession was witnessed during the global recession in the year 2009. Other significant sectors to the banking industry such as the construction sectors are also susceptible to the global economy and affect banks’ conditions. The industry’s financial indicators such as gross loans and non-performing loans also offer a basis for its analysis. Amount of gross loans has been increasing and this indicates increasing demand for financi al services. Increasing trend in nonperforming loans in the industry also indicates increasing advanced services to customers that culminates to increased defaults and threats of defaults. The increasing volume on non-performing loans is however, a threat to the industry as defaults constrains liquidity. Policies to improved asset quality have however promised to reduce the threats of growing volume of nonperforming loans with positive results being reported in the year 2010. The industry also relies on low cost deposits as sources

Stylistic Imitation Catcher in the Rye Essay Example for Free

Stylistic Imitation Catcher in the Rye Essay Goddamn it’s bright out here, all the phonies going to the lousy lake that depresses me. It really does. Everyone and they’re phony smiles just trying to get on a boat. It’ll make you puke just seeing these goddamn girls with their tits all in their face, make you want to puke. It really will. The only girl worth looking at was old Jane Gallagher; you could stare at that ass of hers all day long. You really could. She looked like one of those playboy models. Those girls sure are nice to look at. One of my friend’s mom was in one of those magazines. We sure used to tease him a lot but when his mom came down everyone got real quiet and just watched the way she would walk, goddamn it was nice. Stradlater always had those magazines all over the place. Ackley kid was always saying how he necked with one of them, you always knew he was lying but you went with it anyways. That kind of stuff made me sick to think about. You see it all the time, you always see some old man with a young girl. It’ll make you sick. I heard Ackley kid call my name so I walked over to him. I’ll admit it, I wasn’t too crazy about him, but he had his license and a car. He was a lousy guy. He really was. He was always looking for a fight like he was a tough bastard and all. I have only been in one fight in my life, the bastards name was Billy the kid. He was a big guy about 6 feet tall, the bastard picked me up and threw me on the ground just about knocked me out then I got up and he hit me again knocking me over, that’s all I remember though I don’t like talking about it much. I hate when people start talking about something and they just drag the story on too long that kind of thing pisses me off. It really does. Then they start talking about there brother or what they had for lunch. Those bastards just start annoying me. Ackley kid said â€Å"Caulfield what the hell are you doing? † I replied â€Å"trying to rubberneck old Jane Gallagher but you stopped me goddamnit. † Ack said â€Å"Well let’s go to the pub and get a drink. † The pub is the only local bar that’ll sell you booze if your underage. â€Å"Alright well let’s get the hell out of here then, I want to get stinking drunk. †

Supply and Demand Simulation Essay Example for Free

Supply and Demand Simulation Essay Supply and demand is the common sense principle which defines the generally observed relationship between demand, supply and prices: as demand increases the price goes up which attracts new suppliers who increase the supply bringing the price back to normal (Law of Supply and Demand, 2010). A surplus in the market exerts a downward pressure on price while a shortage in the market exerts an upward pressure on price. In the supply and demand simulation Goodlife has control of the apartment rental community is Atlantis. In the first year Goodlife wants to bring down the vacancy rate to about 15 percent while maximizing revenue. Goodlife must lower the cost of rent in order to lower the vacancy rate but they have to make sure they don’t lower it too much or they will decrease their revenue so they must find at what rental rate they will lower vacancy but no lose revenue. As the years go by several things affect the supply and demand of the Goodlife Company, population increase, individuals wanting long-term housing and a price ceiling. Shifts in supply and demand affect decision making by causing the company to look at how to get the greatest revenue with the changes. The supply and demand simulation went over several key points that were also part of our textbook reading such as total revenue and demand, individual and market demand, cross price elasticity and shifting supply and demand. Total revenue and demand is the ability for a company to tell whether the total revenue will go up or down when they raise or lower their prices (Colander, 2008). Individual and market demand refers to how individuals may stop buying a product due to a slight rise in cost, the market demand is influenced both by how many people drop out totally and by how much an existing consumer marginally changes his or her quantity demanded (Colander, 2008). Cross price elasticity of demand is when the price of a product goes up and it positively impacts the demand of another product. Shifting supply and demand is the ability of the company to shift supply to meet demand and maintain equilibrium. At Regence BlueCross BlueShield supply and demand affects the cost of premiums as well as the type of benefits available on plans. It is important in healthcare to figure out which benefits are sought after and what it will cost to cover those benefits, by slimming down on the benefits that are used less then they can provide benefits that individuals want at a lower cost than if they supply all benefits. One example of this is putting limitations of such benefits as chiropractic or physical therapy while increasing the benefits for preventive care. Price elasticity of demand affects the decision making of the consumer and of the organization by changing the amount of a product available as well as the price of the product. Consumers will switch products if they are unable to find the product easily or if the price is higher than a similar product. Organizations must continue to shift the supply and price of a product in order to stay competitive and still make revenue. In the simulation I learned how to maintain equilibrium with supply, demand and price while maintaining company revenue at the highest rate. Goodlife must keep changing the availability and price of the apartments in order to keep up with supply and demand and maintain revenue, one way they did this is by turning some of their apartments into condos this decreased the number of apartments available but brought in revenue in a different manner.

Monetary Rewards On Employee Performance Commerce Essay

Monetary Rewards On Employee Performance Commerce Essay Workplace performance motivators contain both monetary as well as non-monetary rewards. Monetary rewards may be varied whereas having a same effect on workers. This study aims to investigate the impact of monetary and non monetary rewards for the performance of employees in a company. Monetary reward in modern society is the most transferable means of satisfying fundamental requirements (Kohn, 2009). Physiological satisfaction, protection and social requirements may only be attained with money. The impact of non-monetary rewards on performance entails that control systems may be more efficient and competent by taking into consideration non-monetary rewards. Particularly, logical justifications help organizations by motivating better performance than illogical explanations and by raising the recognized justifiability of bonuses when the bonuses stand for the significance of the jobs The study will recognize the performance of employees and its relation with monetary and non monetary rewards, if any which are presently militating against the smooth functions of the company in area of its job performance and efficiency that management find helpful for future development. Table of content Introduction 1 Hypothesis 1 Research Questions 2 Aims and objectives 2 Literature review 2 Methodology 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion 8 Reference 10 Introduction Managers are always looking for ways to create a motivational environment in which associates (workers) to work at their best levels to achieve organization goals. Workplace performance motivators contain both monetary as well as non-monetary rewards. Monetary rewards may be varied whereas having a same effect on workers (Lynch, 2003). An example of monetary rewards is mutual funds given by organizational pension plans or insurance programs. As it has been proposed that employees, depending on their age, have diverse requirements relating to rewards, traditional rewards packages are being changed with alternatives for attracting younger employees (Nelson, 2009). This study aims to investigate the impact of monetary and non monetary rewards for the performance of employees in a company (Kohn, 2009). The study will also emphasize the importance of monetary and non monetary rewards in the organization. It is expected that this study will help business enterprises in their functions as well as facilitate them to use rewards schemes which would optimize the output and performance of their business functions (Zigon, 2008). The study will recognize the performance of employees and its relation with monetary and non monetary rewards, if any which are presently militating against the smooth functions of the company in area of its job performance and efficiency that management find helpful for future development (Kepner, 2010). Hypothesis Hypothesis has been formulated below: Organizations monetary and non monetary rewards programs have a huge impact on the employees job performance as well as the productivity and development of the company. Research Questions To what degree is the efficiency, adequately relevance of these rewards to the whole performance of employees? To what degree are these different kinds of rewards set up by the companies? To what extent is the rewards bring about achievement of job satisfaction and motivation of the employees? How management may use rewards to persuade workers to improve and increase productivity? What are the rewards considered by employees to be non-monetary rewards? Aims and objectives To look at the extent to which these rewards bring about achievement of job satisfaction and employees performance. To analysis the efficiency, adequacy and significance of these rewards programs to the overall performance of individual employee or group of employees. To inspect the extent the company is attaining its goals for administering these rewards. Literature review People work so as to satisfy their requirements and these requirements may be met by monetary rewards. Monetary rewards are refund in cash and in form of money for a given work done by workers in the company (Hansen, 2010). Workers would go any level to enhance their cash income as they will do something to avoid their source of income from being removed. The fact that workers fear to lose their jobs, cash has been a very efficient motivator only because money is necessary for continued existence in an economy (Dunham, 2009). Monetary reward in modern society is the most transferable means of satisfying fundamental requirements (Kohn, 2009). Physiological satisfaction, protection and social requirements may only be attained with money(Kepner, 2010). The effort-to-performance expectation is sturdily persuaded by the performance assessment which is frequently part of the reward system. A worker is probable to use extra effort if he or she understands that performance will be assessed, appraised, and rewarded. The expectancy of performance-to-outcome is influenced by the level to which the worker thinks that performance will be followed by rewards (Allen, 2007). Lastly, every reward or potential reward has to some extent different value for every individual. An individual can want a promotion more than reimbursement; somebody else can want only the opposite (Nelson, 2009). When a company rewards a whole work group or team for its performance, collaboration among the members typically enhances. Though, competition among different teams for rewards may cause decline in whole performance under definite situations. The most general team or group rewards are plans of gain sharing, where worker teams which meet certain objectives share i n the gains measured against performance targets (Shutan, 2010). Frequently, programs of gain sharing emphasize on quality enhancement, reduction of cost, and other quantifiable results (Kepner, 2010). Despite the positive role monetary rewards have played, employees have a tendency to have different approach and a manner towards money rewards (Hansen, 2010). The most general of the different reaction to salary and wages by employees is that once it crosses lowest levels, it is regarded as a measure of fairness. (Kohn, 2009) posited non-monetary rewards as extreme benefits made accessible to staff and are regarded as an addition to salaries and wages. It contains direct as well as indirect reimbursement (Shutan, 2010). The direct reimbursement can contain profit-sharing, illness pay, pension plans, and so on (Kerachsky, 2009). The indirect reimbursement can include welfare services, social as well as recreational facilities, etc. Pay, if merely it could be correctly packaged would someway lead to the desired approach to work. Perception of employee of his pay with respect to other employees of same position could influence the satisfaction, which he obtains from the job. The aim of monetary rewards is to reward workers for outstanding performance through money (Nelson, 2009). Monetary rewards contain profit sharing, stock options, and project bonuses, scheduled and warrant bonuses (Allen, 2007). The aim of non-monetary rewards is to reward employees for brilliant job performance by opportunities. Non- monetary rewards contain training, flexible work hours, satisfying work environment and vacations. Employees encounter issues, disturbances, and dissatisfactions in their environment of work where certain rewards are de-emphasized. So as to increase and improve the rewards of employees, trade unions serve as a way of developing the terms and conditions for workers, enhance rewards rates, raise employees status, protect members against unjust practices and also struggle for protection of service (Kepner, 2010). Trade union Act 1990 offers that worker has a right to get all employment benefits which are stated in documents of service, containing the offer letter, and the condition of service and in joint agreement (Kerachsky, 2009). A stability of monetary and non- monetary rewards must be employed to satisfy the different requirements and interests of workers. Monetary rewards persuade fulfillment rather than risk taking since most rewards depend only on performance and discourage workers from being innovative in their place of work. Apart from these kinds of strategies of performance, reward system of an organization is its most fundamental tool for dealing with employee performance (Allen, 2007). Reward system of an organization is the formal as well as informal systems by which workers performance is described, assessed, and rewarded (Kohn, 2009). Organizational reward may influence performance, manners, activities, and motivation. Therefore, it is significant for organizations to recognize and appreciate obviously their significance. Though employee attitudes like satisfaction are not a main determinant of job performance, they are however essential (Kepner, 2010). Extrinsic rewards affect satisfaction of e mployee, which, sequentially, plays a chief role in verifying whether an employee reward system (Zigon, 2008). The formal and informal systems by which performance of employee is identified, appraised, and rewarded will remain on the job or search for a new job (Kerachsky, 2009). Reward systems also affect patterns of attendance and absence; if rewards are based on real performance, employees have a tendency to work hard to get those rewards. Methodology This chapter contains imminent into the research design and strategy for the study. It emphasizes on what to study, how to study and when to study; the main objective of the study is to monitor the management of total quality and examine techniques in business environment. Research Design Basically, field study approach survey will be applied for this study due to its weird nature. Though, questionnaires will be the main tool to collect data for this study. The questionnaires will be prepared carefully and simply designed so as to make sure simple answering; to get reliabilities in responses of respondents and at same time to remove uncertainty and suspension. Meanwhile, secondary research will also been used in this study. Secondary research is frequently less expensive than surveys and is very efficient in getting information regarding communications needs of peoples and their responses to and vision about particular communications. It is frequently the technique of choice in cases where quantitative measurement is not necessary. Sample and sampling techniques Therefore, the sample techniques will consider thirty (30) employees randomly selected from a reputed organization. Data Collection The major process for data collection of this study is through questionnaires; the ordered questionnaire will be distributed to the randomly selected employees. Literature Selection Criteria The literature selection criteria are twofold: significance and the year of publication. Search Technique Libraries containing online databases are accessed to obtain the most appropriate and updated literature. Some of the online databases which are used include: EBSCO, Emerald, Blackwell, and so on. Theoretical Framework For this study as already said the secondary research technique is used and all the relevant data was gathered through books, journals and articles. Discussion The non-monetary rewards like training and development in a company have positive impacts on employee performances, work, and a company can minimize cost as well as boosts efficiency; good working environment in a company will also get better employees performances (Kohn, 2009). Monetary and non-monetary rewards differ in their roles, efficiency, and suitability, depending on the kinds of rewards (Allen, 2007). Rewards in fact hamper employees and organizations by reducing employees motivation, job satisfaction and interest. This is only the opposite of what rewards were made to do. Rewards should consider the employees for whom they were made (Kerachsky, 2009). A balance between monetary as well as non-monetary rewards must be employed for satisfying the diverse requirements and interests of employees. Creating a balance sheet is an easy exercise which may be used to evaluate rewards programs. On one side of the balance sheet, list each and every rewards program (both monetary plus non-monetary) of the company (Kohn, 2009). On the other side list all the results (whether preferred or not) which may be attributed to these rewards. Areas of development and enhancement would be those outcomes and results recognized as undesirable (Zigon, 2008). Promoted workers will amplify his/her efforts as well as performances in work place and assessment of employee performance manipulates employees performance; welfare of employee, pension, and medical facilities also helps successful performances, finally the employees prefer monetary rewards to non-monetary rewards (Kepner, 2010). Individual performance is usually found out by three things: motivation (the wish to do the job), capability (the ability to do the job), and the environment of work (the resources required to do the job). If a worker lacks capability, the manager can give training or replace, the employee. If there is a resource issue, the manager can do it correct (Kerachsky, 2009). But if motivation is the issue, the job for the manager is more challenging. Individual performance is a multifaceted fact, and the manager can be pushed to understand the specific nature of the issue and how to resolve it (Kohn, 2009). Hence, motivation is significant due to its importance as a determinant of performance and due to its intangible nature (Kerachsky, 2009). Many special rewards programs which offer awards to individuals have been utilized, ranging from one-time contests to meet performance targets to rewards for performance eventually (Hansen, 2010). Though special programs can also be built up for groups and for whole companies, these programs frequently emphasize on rewarding just high-performing individuals. Conclusion The outcomes of this study make three contributions. Primary, this study contributes to the logical and experiential literature on multi-action settings by giving facts about the impacts of non-monetary rewards (Kohn, 2009). The impact of non-monetary rewards on performance entails that control systems may be more efficient and competent by taking into consideration non-monetary rewards. Particularly, logical justifications help organizations by motivating better performance than illogical explanations and by raising the recognized justifiability of bonuses when the bonuses stand for the significance of the jobs (Nelson, 2009). While logical explanations is unsuccessful to stimulate better performance than when no justification is given, this result must be understood carefully as the explanation also gives related information which is not present when no explanation is given, that can not be true in all settings (Kepner, 2010). The study thus concludes that there are obvious relations between monetary rewards and employees performance; fringe benefit can stimulate employees performance (Kohn, 2009). Though, some of the major goals of training employee contain, increase in production, lesser labor turn over rate, higher confidence and better management and training facilitates to decrease cost as it enhances productivity, and promotes objective congruency. Lack of training raises rate of absenteeism, low productivity, bad quality and refuses and results in high unit cost. Non-monetary rewards, good working environment promotion, better management, employees welfare, programs, medical facilities, pension, helps increases in performances of employees and employee desired monetary rewards to non-monetary rewards.

African Culture and Traditions as Told by Waris Dirie :: Waris Dirie Africa Rituals Cultural Essays

African Culture and Traditions as Told by Waris Dirie Waris Dirie was born into a family of nomads in a Somalian desert. Growing up, she was privileged to run free with nature’s most majestic animals, and learned a respect for nature that many of us as Americans could never fathom. However, these thrills are just on the surface of what life is really like for African women. She suffered through intense traditional mutilation in her childhood, and endless hours of hard labor in the fields everyday. At the age of 13, she ran away to escape the marriage that her father had arranged for her to a sixty-year-old man in exchange for five camels. She left with nothing but the swaddling clothes on her back not even shoes to protect her feet from the scorching African sun. Her journey on foot went on for weeks, until she found her sister, who had also ran away five years earlier for the same reasons. After getting reacquainted with an aunt and her ambassador husband, Waris moved to England with them. When her uncle’s term was up, sh e stayed in England where a photographer, who eventually put her on the cover many major magazines, discovered her. In describing her remarkable journey through life, Waris demonstrates examples of a masculine culture with elements high uncertainty-avoidance, and her own individualism amongst such a collectivistic society. Waris’s description of life in Africa is a perfect definition for a masculine culture. She explains, â€Å"Women are the backbone of Africa; they do most of the work. Yet women are powerless to make decisions.† She recalls a story of how her loving mother permitted her to be butchered, because of a traditional African ritual to please African men. When she was five years old, her mother made her an appointment to meet with â€Å"the gypsy women.† Waris didn’t know exactly what this meant, but it was supposedly an exciting moment in the lives of young African girls, and when they returned, they were considered women. Waris recalls in graphic detail being bound and blind-folded by her mother while the gypsy women sliced between her legs repeatedly, then sewed her up, leaving a whole the size of a match-head. She was then drug off to a shelter under a bush where she spent weeks alone to recuperate. Sadly, this is not an isolated case, millions of nomadi c cultures still perform the ritual, and many young girls do not survive the surgery.

Some Surrender :: English Literature

Some Surrender I have recently read, analysed and enjoyed the short story â€Å"Some Surrender† by Bernard Maclaverty. I found this story very enjoyable as the author’s background themes were portrayed through a memorable and interesting dialogue in a thought provoking manner. The plot revolved around a hill walking trip for a father and son. It starts off with the climbing of the hill and the two catching up with each other as they have not spoken in a long time. They are celebrating the fathers 75th birthday. We hear of Roy’s – the son – failed relationship with his parents. This is due to his mother’s disapproval of him marrying a catholic woman and having a child out of wedlock. â€Å"She wasn’t even a good catholic.† Once at the top of the hill the two men share and discuss their views on the troubles in Ireland. They also talk about Roy’s job and his road to success i.e. writing a book. We learn about their secret meetings and how they used the rugby matches as an excuse. Afterwards, on their way down the hill, Roy realises how his father has aged and how fragile he has become. I found that characterisation had a major part to play in this prose as they each showed different political opinions and how these views have major effects on their lives. The father – who has lived and worked in Belfast all his life - is seventy five years of age and is getting on, although there is an obvious deterioration in health he is still fairly fit and has a â€Å"spring in his step†. He was an architect and had designed quite a few high-rise buildings, all due for demolition within the next few years. We hear that he has always been loyal to his wife and is well educated â€Å"I chose your mother. I didn’t choose you.† He stood by and respected his wife’s decision to disown their child, but he did not completely reject him. His views on political matters are very prejudiced and bigoted, always being anti-catholic . The son - Roy - is forty four years old and is a fairly successful photographer. â€Å"I see your postcards all over the place. Supermarkets even.† He has a book to be published and has got a new position working in Dublin. Despite his good job, we learn that he did not work hard in and came out of school with little or no qualifications. â€Å"You failed because you didn’t work hard enough.† After twenty years, only now has Roy got an easy and relaxed relationship with his father, despite his decision.

I Am Committed to Becoming a Historian :: Statement Purpose College Admissions

I Am Committed to Becoming a Historian As a Ph.D. student in U.S. history, I would like to continue to explore the intersections of culture and economics in U.S. history, especially as they relate to working-class life and consumption. Although I am now committed to becoming a historian, my academic background has been quite varied. Disillusioned with the often reductionist truths of physical science, I transferred from the School of Engineering to State College after my first year. As an undergraduate, I not only majored in history, but also concentrated in mathematics, especially as it related to economics. For a year, I acted as an economic research assistant, and, following that, I worked on a joint project with the Federal Reserve Bank and the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) doing empirical research in labor economics. During the summer after my junior year, I received a research grant from Columbia, the Edwin Robbins Prize, for my senior thesis: "New York Organized Labor and Prohibition Resistance: The 'No Beer, No Work' Movement of 1919." A forgotten moment in labor history, it was a fascinating intersection of culture, gender, and class, examining the untidy boundary between "economic" and "social" life. Some local trade-unionists co-opted a catchy slogan, "No Beer, No Work," with the intent of fomenting a national general strike, attempting to save the saloon, galvanize class consciousness, and lead workers into a labor party. The strike more than failed; it never occurred. However, teasing out the relationships between the primary documents excited me like nothing I had ever done before. Though I continued to work at the Federal Reserve the following year, I knew the historian's methods, and not the economist's, were what I wanted to pursue in my graduate work. This year I received a Fulbright Scholarship to research working-class history at the University of Toronto. Presently, my research centers on the rise of Canadian nationalism in Toronto within U.S.-dominated unions after WWII. I examine how anti-Communist discourses restricted and/or enabled nationalist movements within the union hierarchy, and how that affected transnational power relations and local economic/political action. My abstract is under consideration for a conference on transnationalism, Crossing Borders, to take place in February at the University of Toronto. I also plan to present a paper, based on my senior thesis, on working-class resistance to Prohibition at the "New Frontiers in Graduate History" conference at York University in March.

Perception of Time

We often brag about the technological and scientific developments of today's modern society and how we benefit from these advancements. The barriers that were once created because of the diversity in culture were brought down by the modern trend of globalization. Culture is society's main foundation that is deeply rooted in our native land. Culture is a broad term encompassing tradition, ways, and means of leaving, traits and values. Every individual belongs to a certain culture to which he has to fit his activity, values, and attributes. Everyone is raised within the confinements of his or her own culture and brought up by beliefs, traditions, values, and traits which conform to the standards set by the culture that has long been intact in our society. The line of conflict between humans with regards to their culture starts when what is culturally acceptable to us may not be acceptable to others. Even science that we used to think is universal and adheres to generally accepted human principles is predominated with the culture of the people from the western hemisphere (Bartholomew 36). Some behaviors that do not comply with the standards of a certain culture are often remarked as an abnormality or deviance. Thus, even though science applies universal scientific principles, it is never neutral in determining what is deviant or abnormal and what is not (Bartholomew 36). It can never really explain why some cultures do certain practices that are not culturally accepted in other countries. We used to separate behaviors and label them as normal, moral and legal. Other traits, practices and rituals that do not fit in what is accepted in our culture are recognized as otherwise. These activities reflect a person's prevailing norms, values, and beliefs that he adheres to at a particular time and place (Bartholomew 36). The psychological aspect that is responsible for the discrepancies in people's culture and how it affects our perception is cultural relativism. Cultural relativism is a theory of knowledge that is responsible for the person's judgment on what is deemed as acceptable. This judgment is anchored to his or her beliefs, values, and attitudes that are shaped by the culture he or she was accustomed to (Bartholomew 37). Hence, the culture of individuals influences their perception on things around them. They view things according to their existing beliefs and values. Time is also perceived differently in many cultures. Individuals see time differently today than the people in the past used to ages ago. Through the invention of time devices, the people of modern times are able to track time by the hour, by the minute, by the second, and even by the millisecond. Thus, the people’s perception of time molds them and their minds. The ancient people were only aware of the fundamental time—the night and day. They used to determine time by making interpretation of the celestial and heavenly bodies. Through the use of these methods, humans also acquired an understanding of the future. They perceived the future in terms of contingencies of cause and effect relationship. People were able to utilize their environment to develop a perception of time. Their ancient clocks and calendars were the daily motion of the sun and moon, as well as the season changes (Falk n. ). In 1895, H. G. Wells' book, The Time Machine, was made available for the public. Wells' fiction novel opens to people the possibility of traveling through time. The idea seemed impossible, but well-known Albert Einstein explained that attaining the ability or means to travel to the future or to the past is not improbable (Gott 8). Einstein proposed his theory special relativity in 1905, describing the possibility of time travel based on the descr iption of how time is measured differently by moving and still observers. It is further strengthened by his mathematics professor Hermann Minowski, looking at time mathematically as the fourth dimension (Gott 8). With all the psychological differences explained by cultural relativism, the different perception of time in each culture and society, and the possibility to travel through time, a clear, if not precise, definition of perception of time can be attained. 2. 0 Sources Edwin A. Abbot in Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions provides an overview of a two-dimensional world and guides his readers through some of the implications of life in two dimensions. Meanwhile, Robert Bartholomew, in his article â€Å"Borderlands: Deviance, Psychiatry and Cultural Relativism,† explores the problem with cultural relativism, basically defined as the principle in which the belief of an individual is analyzed and interpreted in relation to the individual's own culture. Ray Bradbury in â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† warns us that traveling to the past can be dangerous. Antonio Damasio, in his article â€Å"Remembering When† explains the concept of mind time. Dan Falk's â€Å"Past, Present, Future PERCEPTIONS OF TIME THROUGH THE AGES† presents differences in perceiving time through different ages. Richard J. Gott, in his book Time Travel in Einstein's Universe: The Physical Possibilities of Travel Through Time, discusses applications of time machine, wherein time travel is possible and how time travel can be explained in terms of physics and quantum mechanics. Dorinne K. Kondo in her article â€Å"On Being a Conceptual Anomaly† presents her experiences as a Japanese American woman. Robert Levine in A Geography of Time: The Temporal Misadventures of a Social Psychologist analyzes what it means to live beyond time or by time event. Richard E. Nisbett in his book The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently†¦ and Why confronts conjectures of well-known philosophers with a different take on human thought influenced by cultural ideologies and principles. The videotaped program Only Human presents few experiments which were created to learn various aspects of human behavior. The book How to Think About Weird Things: Critical Thinking for a New Ag e by Theodore Schick, Jr. and Lewis Vaughn provides strange assertions and ideas abound in culture to illustrate the rational assessment of any claim. Finally, the videotaped program Time Travel shows that space is curved, time is relative, and time travel is theoretically possible. 3. 0 Results People live by the underlying rules and principles in the society where they belong. They adhere to the maxims and dogmas that have long been in existence. They pattern their everyday life according to these unwritten rules that governing the society. To conform to the traditional beliefs and values is to live harmoniously with the other people. People coexist in a society that must adapt and do what is culturally accepted to avoid being ostracized by the general public. . 1 Perception As mentioned earlier, cultural relativism explains the people's differences in perception. People’s judgment differs from one another because they pattern things according to their cultural preferences. If something fits their criteria as prescribed by their culture, then it is acceptable for them. Standards set by culture create cultural diversity in the world. According to Richard Nisbett, Westerners and East Asians looked at things differently resulting in dissimilarities in understanding. This is due to the difference in environment, social structures, philosophies, and educational background. In addition, it was discovered that Asian thought is holistic or a functional relationship of parts and the whole. They do not much rely on formal logic or categories. In comparison to the Westerners, people from the west mostly rely on formal logic to understand their behavior. In Dorinne Kondo’s article, â€Å"On Being a Conceptual Anomaly†, she relays her experiences upon conducting a research in Japan. She was raised as an American so she had a difficult time adjusting herself on the ways of living in Japan. This is because the Japanese perceive White people as different and offensive (Kondo 524). During the course of her stay in Japan, she had to learn their traditions, values, and most of all, their practices to be able to cope up with the new environment she was in. There came a point when she saw herself differently, not as the observer on the immersion she was doing but as part of the participants in her research. There is an existing dilemma brought by cultural relativism especially in the field of mental health. Psychiatry is a branch of psychological science that deals with human behavior. Through psychiatry, we are able to find out if we have acquired any psychological disorders. Basis on the diagnoses on such behavioral disorders is human behavior only without in-depth consideration of the underlying social, cultural, and political circumstances that brought up such behavior (Bartholomew 38). Examining closely the behavior of people's conformity to a group is discovering the power and influence of the majority in a certain society (Only Human n. p) Psychiatry can be considered as the most debatable branch of medicine. There is a necessary clarification on the term mental illness. â€Å"Illness† denotes an impairment or injury on any body's part. People who were diagnosed with mental illness do not have any injury, but only suffering living difficulties (Bartholomew 38). Based from the ideas discussed by Nisbett and Kondo, an American may experience difficulty adapting to an environment different from his usual environment and therefore may be tagged as mentally ill by the Japanese, or it could be the other way around. This just shows that there is an existing conflict brought about by cultural relativism. Due to the diversity of culture, there is no strong fundamental basis on what is a behavioral disorder. 3. 2 Time In a world where time is considered as a necessity while many of us try to squeeze in the tasks that we have to accomplish with the little time that we have, it is fascinating, and at the same time important, to learn how time was viewed and used through the course of human civilization. Across the centuries, humans have looked and treated time differently the way their ancestors used to perceive time. At present, there is an international standard of telling time and it is universal, for every nation adheres to that standard. Due to the rotation of the earth, people experience differences in time—when it is day in the east, it is nighttime in the west. Humans have developed a biological clock or circadian rhythm based on the daily activities and lifestyle of a person. This clock is located in the hypothalamus of one's brain. This is responsible for how a person’s body perceives time. For instance, it is nighttime in his or her biological clock if he or she feels tired and sleepy (Damasio 36). When the region of the brain that is highly important for learning and recalling new information is damaged, a major disturbance occurs in a person’s innate ability to place events in a chronological sequence. This is what happens to amnesiacs or people suffering from amnesia. They lose the ability to estimate the passage of time in different scales (Damasio 36). Amnesia is a permanent damage on the brain's hippocampus, a part of the brain essential to memory, and the temporal lobe, a region of the brain that serves as a two-way communication with the rest of the cerebral cortex. Damage in the hippocampus hinders the creation of new memories. Patients with an impaired hippocampus are known to have anterograde amnesia. They are unable to hold factual memories for longer than one minute. On the other hand, the amnesiacs that are unable to retrieve long-term memories are diagnosed with retrograde amnesia, which is characterized by an impaired in temporal lobe (Damasio 36). Amnesiacs do not have awareness of the correct time, which makes it difficult for them to place events in the right chronological order and store new factual memories. This deficiency greatly affects their way of living and their social interaction. The idea of time travel has not escape the imaginative minds of people. In 1895, H. G. Wells published the book The Time Machine, which opened the idea of time travel to the public. The proposition seemed so impossible but the physicist Einstein attempted to explain the possibility of such phenomenon through physics (Gott 8). In 1905, Einstein developed his theory of special relativity and explained how time is measured differently by still and moving objects. Einstein's mathematics professor Hermann Minowski expanded his theory and told that time could be treated mathematically as the universe's fourth dimension (Gott 8). If their proposition is correct, their theory would allow humans to travel back in time or go forth to the future. However, Ray Bradbury stated the dangers of time travel to the past and the possible effects to the present once the course of history is altered. Hence, the events that happened in the past cannot be touched for it will greatly affect the current circumstances. 3. 3 Perception of Time. Time is treated also differently in every culture. The differences in perception of things could be attributed to the cultural relativism aforementioned. Awareness of time is very important to humans. Today, we are paid by the hour and our daily routines are based on time. Our early ancestors utilized everything that can be found in their environment to be able to tell time. They used the daily motions of the moon and sun. Assuming an unconventional movement of the celestial bodies resulted in certain phenomena, they were able to perceive the future through a cause-and-effect relationship (Falk n. p). For example, the Babylonians had their way of foretelling events by means of hepatoscopy, which involves sacrificing a liver. They believed that through this ritual, the gods allow them to foresee the future (Schick and Vaughn 97). Different cultures developed various methods and devices to determine time. For instance, the Romans developed the calendar, which was by Pope Gregory XIII. The perception of time could also be considered necessary in one's cultural requirements. This is evident in the empires established in Latin America. These empires dictated how to regulate time in order to fix civil, agricultural, and religious dates. On the other hand, Muslims, maintain strict daily routine of timely prayers to keep track of time (Falk n. p). Today, we treat time as inanimate, passing in a constant rate. We are all considered as slaves of time. We can never hasten up or slow down the passage of time. However, this was not the case for the Maya, as time is organic for them. According to the Mayas, time can be stretched, shrunk, or even overpowered by human activity. In fact, many cultures perceived time as organic in nature. In these cultures, time was told through human activities and not through the constraints of a clock or a calendar (Falk n. ). 4. 0 Discussion In light of the findings provided by the sources, the existence of various traditions, beliefs, and values anchored to their culture has created a disparity in people’s perception. People act in accordance to their culture and society where they live. Behavior and action against the prevailing norms will be perceived by other people as a deviatio n or as a mental illness. This disparity in perception of right and wrong could be attributed to cultural relativism, or the difference in cultural beliefs and values. Throughout history, people have developed their perception of time. Our ancestors used conventional tools and devices to be able to tell time. Through the use of astrological components, they were able to acquire an understanding of the future events through cause-and-effect relationship by connecting a certain lunar or solar manifestation that resulted in certain events. Perception of time greatly depends on the brain’s functioning. An impairment of certain regions of the brain responsible for holding and storing memories and sequencing events in a chronological order deeply affects an individual’s perception of time. An example of this brain disorder is amnesia. Amnesiacs have an incorrect perception of time due to their ailment. The idea of time travel that seems unworkable was made theoretically possible by Einstein. In his theory of special relativity, he explained that the treating time as the universe's fourth dimension can make time travel possible. Still, there are dangers in traveling back to the past because it may alter the course of events and the present situations. There is no universal perception of time. Time is perceived differently in various cultures. Some culture perceive it as inanimate, others treat it as organic that can be controlled by human activity.

Mr. and Mrs. Pitt: A Troubled Relationship from the Start Essay

In the renowned fantasy novel Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix by J.K. Rowling, Albus Dumbledore says, â€Å"indifference and neglect often do much more damage than outright dislike.† The play, Angels in America, A Gay Fantasia on National Themes by Tony Kushner, presents several relationships of characters. The relationship of Joe and Harper Pitt in particular plays a vital role in his play. By not making the effort to fix the problems in their relationship, Joe and Harper have finally grown so distant from each other that it is impossible to fix it. Kushner uses many different writing techniques to present that Joe and Harper have a failing marriage. He uses tone and dialog to show that Harper isn’t going to follow Joe in his advancing career. Next, Kushner references movies that parallel Joe and Harper’s relationship. And lastly, Kushner adds real world examples to show the neglect of Harper’s emotional problems. All of Kushner’s writing techniques add up to clearly explain why the marriage is failing. Harper’s decision to not go to Washington D.C. with Joe is the first sign that Harper accepts that their marriage has failed. Harper denies Joe’s offer within seconds of him proposing the idea. Her instincts tell her that moving to Washington D.C. will just cover up their unhappy lives together even more. She then states, â€Å"We’re happy here,† (Kushner). The rapid response to Joe’s proposition and when she sarcastically states that they are â€Å"happy† hints that she is unhappy in the relationship. It is also shown when she directly says, â€Å"Pretend-happy,† (Kushner). It therefore implies that they are lying to themselves in order to make their relationship seem better. Harper does not want to move with Joe because she wants out of their relationship. She makes up several excuses to justify them for not moving. She starts out with referring to the Roman Polanski Film, Rosemary’s Baby. The movie’s protagonist, Waifi sh Rosemary Woodhouse, thinks that her husband has given a cult their unborn baby to be able to succeed in his failing acting career (Bozzola). In Angels in America, the similar situation is how Roy is giving Joe a promotion in order to get something out of it. The couple in the movie parallels to Harper and Joe’s marriage. Both Waifish and Harper have suspicions about their husbands that eventually become true. Harper on the other hand wants to get away from her situation by not wanting to move with Joe. She then refers to The Exorcist, but Joe quickly says, â€Å"The devil, everywhere you turn, huh buddy,† (Kushner). What Harper does not realize is that Joe is the devil and until they separate from each other, she will always be around the devil. Since Joe is the â€Å"devil,† it is nearly impossible for their relationship to grow and fix it self because it is â€Å"a thing that is very difficult or awkward to do or deal with,† (Google, Inc.). Towards the end of the conversation, Harper mentions that when they first got married Joe had â€Å"all these secrets and lies,† (Kushner). Those lies that the relationship is based upon caused it to be unsuccessful from the start. Because they were not truthful to one another from the beginning of their relationship, it has caused them later on to have problems that are coming out now. If they would have dealt with the problems that they have had since the beginning, then their marriage would not be failing. Harper realizes that her relationship has failed and therefore she declines going with Joe to Washington D.C. It is shown that she realizes her marriage has failed when later that day she says, â€Å"Without me. Without me, Joe. Isn’t that what you want to hear?† (Kushner). The emphasis Harper puts on â€Å"without me† confirms the fact that she has realized that the marriage has ended and that she wants to move on with her life. She does this so that Joe will get the hint that their marriage has failed and there is not anything they can do about it. Harper hears on the radio that part of the ozone layer is missing in Antarctica, but what she doesn’t realize is that the missing hole is a metaphor for her relationship with Joe. Kushner adds this into his play to show the audience that their relationship parallels to this atmospheric damage. Harper first mentions the ozone layer while she is alone at home waiting for Joe to come home. Harper states, â€Å"When you look at the ozone layer†¦things are collapsing, lies surfacing, systems of defense giving way†¦This is why, Joe, this is why I shouldn’t be left alone,† (Kushner). The things that are collapsing in the ozone parallels to Joe and Harper’s relationship. The neglect of the Earth, or the relationship in this matter, has caused problems to form that are nearly irreversible. With more and more neglect the worse the ozone is going to get therefor without the proper actions taken to fix the situation, it is going to diminish. Their relationship is the same way. Joe has not helped with Harper’s drug addiction, so it has gotten worse and worse. And since Joe has not helped with her problems it has just created another problem that they need to fix in need to improve their relationship. But they did not so their relationship has virtually diminished. It was exponentially declining since the start of the gap in their relationship. Since the ozone layer is depleting, Harper reasons that Joe should not be left alone, but right after she says that, she quickly changes saying that instead of Joe not being alone, she should not be left alone. This implies that Harper is the ozone layer and Joe is the person that keeps on damaging it. Harper does not know this but Kushner tells this to the audience so that they know. Joe has neglected Harper’s needs and has only thought of himself thus causing emotional â€Å"holes† in Harper. These â€Å"holes† can only be filled in with a substitute, in this case Valium. The drugs are the artificial necessities that fulfil her needs in her relationship. Just as Mother Nature tends to even things out, Harper needs to even out her emotions that are not present with Joe. Joe has caused a major portion of the holes that are found in their relationship. These holes are similar to the holes in the ozone layer that are caused by the neglect from mankind. The holes are irreversible and have a profound impact on Harper and Joe’s marriage. It is demonstrated when Joe shuts down Harper’s emotional problems that he had caused. Joe’s neglect for Harper’s emotional holes has caused them problems that cannot be fixed. Harper has always been afraid of the â€Å"man with the knives† (Kushner). At first Joe just thought that Harper was hallucinating and it was just a figment of her imagination. He even thought that Harper’s Valium addiction might have been the reason for her hallucinations. But after talking with her, he finally realizes that it has been him all along that had been the â€Å"man with the knives.† He has been slowly killing his relationship with Harper by his secrets which are represented by the knives. Harper was in bed when â€Å"someone was in there†¦ under the covers with a knife,† (Kushner). Harper and Joe’s situation represents that someone in their relationship is hiding a secret about themselves. This secret has to deal with the fact that someone is lying about their sexual needs. It turns out to be that Joe is hiding the fact that he is a homosexual to Harper. If in the beginning Joe would have told Harper that he was gay and that he was trying to work on it, their relationship would be more successful, but since he did not do this, his knives had been tearing away at their marriage. Each time he neglected to work on her problems and just let them slide by, his knife got sharper and sharper. It made it easier for them to grow apart and not know each other. Joe’s inability to help out with Harper’s problems and being secretive towards her had caused them to grow apart and ruin their marriage without being able to fix it. Harper and Joe’s relationship had diminished over the years that they were married starting from day one. They put their heads down to their problems and just let them slide. Their relationship could only slip so far until it is nearly gone and that had happened. Kushner presented their failing marriage through many ways. He used Harper’s decision to show that Harper does not want to advance with Joe in his career. Kushner then presents the movies The Exorcist and Rosemary Babies to parallel the relationship of Joe and Harper. The ozone layer is added into the play as a metaphor of their declining relationship to let the audience know that they are failing in their marriage. And lastly Kushner uses the â€Å"man with the knives† as a way to say that Joe is â€Å"killing† their marriage from neglect towards Harper’s problems. At first Harper and Joe had a great marriage, but after a while secrets and lies became the normal for them. These lies and secrets just worsened their marriage until it finally failed. Works Cited Bozzola, Rovi Lucia. Rosemary’s Baby – Rotten Tomatoes. n.d. 22 11 2012. Google, Inc. define: Devil – Google Search. n.d. 22 11 2012. Kushner, Tony. Angels in America, A Fantasia on National Themes. New York City: Theatre Communications Group, Inc., 1995. Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix . New York City: Scholastic, 2003.

Nomadic Societies

They developed by adapting to the ecological conditions of their arid lands. Due to the lack of rain in central Asia they are not able to support large scale agriculture. The Nomadic people would bring their herds of animals to lands that actually had large amounts of grass, and stubs so that they could graze. They lived off of only meat, milk, and the hides of their animals. They used animal bones for tools and animal feces for fuel. Classify their interaction with the sedentary states. Their interaction with the sedentary states was mostly throughout trade and â€Å"they sometimes even adopted aspects of secondary cultures, and acted as intermediaries between settled worlds. † (Sanders, Nelson, Morillo, & Ellenberger, 2006, p. 181) Was it always hostile? No, they were not always hostile while interacting with others and they had a very strong military. Because they had such a strong worriers they were able to seize the wealth of settled societies they then were able to build imperial states in the regions surrounding central Asia. How were they viewed differently? * A first century BCE description of the Xiongnu, the archetypal nomadic peoples of the Chinese world. * A late fourth century Roman view of the Huns. * One of the barbarian groups that invaded the Roman Empire. description of the steppe nomads by the tenth-century Byzantine emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus that reflects both Byzantine experience and the classical legacy of Greek and Roman views and terms * Ibn-Al-Athir gives us an early –thirteenth-century Muslim view of the Mongol attacks on the Islamic World, and Marco Polo, a European who lived for years at the Mongol court, gives us something of an â€Å"outside insiders† view of Mongol life. (Sanders, Nelson, Morillo, & Ellenberger, 2006, p. 181) They also normally did little governing seeing how clans and tribes pretty uch looked out for themselves. And they were known to have a very strong military. Analyze the Mongol empire. The nomadic Mongols lived on the high steppe lands of eastern central Asia they displayed deep loyalty to kin groups organized into families, clans, and tribes. They were allies with Turkish people who had built empires on the steppes. They were unable to establish strong stable society on a large scale due to their loyalties to kinship groups. What kind of a leader was Chinggis (Ghenghis) Khan? He mastered the art of steppe diplomacy which called for displays of personal courage in battle, combined with intense loyalty to allies, a willingness to betray others to improve one’s position, and the ability to entice other tribes into cooperative relationships. In 1206 a group of Mongol leaders recognized Temujin supremacy by proclaiming him Chinggis was known as a universal leader. † (Bentley, Ziegler, & Streets, 2008, p. 272) Why did the empire decline? The empire then declined due to serious difficulties governing Persia and China. In Persia they had cases of excessive spending which strained the treasury, and overexploitation of the peasantry led to reduced revenues. They tried to fix their mess by creating paper money in the 1290’s but the merchants refused to accept paper, they thought it was worthless. Then when the last Mongol ruler pasted away in 1335 there was no heir the ilkhanate collapsed. What overall effect did the Mongols have on the eastern world? Even though the Mongols came to an end it was not the end of the nomadic peoples influence on Eurasia. The Turkish people resumed the expansive campaigns that the Mongols had interrupted.

A Day Without Media Essay

In the book â€Å"Amusing Ourselves to Death† the idea that immersion in what we love will lead to our end is presented and analyzed. After reading this book I took it upon myself, as part of a class assignment, to go 24 hours without media. Initially I believed that this would be an easy task but found that as a whole we are surrounded by media in every instance of our lives. From car rides, to simply walking around my house I had to be observant to avoid media that would reset my 24 hour time frame. In Postman’s book, â€Å"Amusing Ourselves to Death†, he reflects on how the television brings families to the same room but creates separation between them. In my time without media I spent two meals with my family (a lunch and dinner). At both of these gatherings my family talked much more than we usually did. While watching television we would â€Å"shush† each other to hear the show, but without it we discussed school, politics, and controversies such as legalizing weed. Looking back at this I see Postman’s point. We become so focused on the story folding out in front of us that we block out each other in the process. I also noticed the same effect when I was driving with my grandfather that night. He needed to deliver a present to family and I needed driving hours, so I drove the hour and a half drive. I wasn’t allowed to touch the radio because of my media break so we talked for that time. I found out that my close grandfather, whom I see five times a week, has severe ankle problem and was going to get treatment later that week. I like to think I’m close to my family, but this occurring without me even knowing about it struck a chord in me. How much do we really know about our loved ones? What simply hasn’t come up because we spend our time learning about the new celebrity fads or who wore what where? As I’m sitting here listening to the radio while writing this I have to reflect on Postman’s thoughts of how intertwined our world is with media. As he put it, President Taft wouldn’t have been voted into office in today’s world because less people would vote for someone that overweight. By this Postman means to point out how media has touch our lives. Not being able to use my cell phone to call people or watch the news on television, shrunk my  world to what I could see, hear, and touch around me. I spent most of my time in my room reading books to pass the time, and when I did leave my room I only saw my family room, kitchen, and a little outside. We rely on television, radio, and other media to bring us information. But, what is never a given is that the information sources we depend on aren’t biased. When opinions disguised as â€Å"facts† are viewed without any analysis and taken at face value, we are only creating sue do opinions that aren’t even ours. This influence in our lives not only emphasizes rifts in ideals, but also can give groups the power to falsify information and mislead others. Maybe we are not simply â€Å"Amusing Ourselves to Death† but Amusing Ourselves to the Death of Ourselves. When I was in middle school up till eighth grade I had a friend who used to watch BBC all the time as a child. I remember asking him about his speech patterns, and him telling me that he even used to have a British accent! I can also relate to these thoughts. When I was smaller I used to speak using syntax that wasn’t very normal. This was because I used to be very sheltered and not get out much. Sesame Street was one of my favorites as a child. Communication skills have to be developed like anything else, with practice. When I wasn’t exposed to people talking casually, I developed a way of speaking that didn’t fit with the people around me. This is a prime example of Postman’s point. We as a new generation can’t communicate like we should be able to. Technology has stripped us of that. When most kids get don’t know what to say next in a situation, the check their phones. This is a good example of our reliance on media and technology and show s our subconscious dependence on these devices. When you turn to your television tonight who or what do you see? What do you learn? What human interaction do you participate in? Postman mentions in his book how through television we learn to interact with people. But, these people we learn how to interact with don’t act like real humans do. They are actors, their body movements and word phrasing has been planned out and set step by step for them. This means that those actors we learn to interact with, and habits we gain don’t help us to talk to people face to face. While  breaking from media I thought about this at a point. In summary I believe the time I spent without media allowed me to see through Postman’s lens. The thought that the media we love so dearly is slowly destroying us may seem preposterous at first, but when further analyzed has ground to stand on. We gain social skills, news, opinions, bias, and a central meeting place for a family from media. Are these good or bad? Does this media influence our life to the point that it is the main factor we all cling to? We have to guard ourselves against the negative effects of this technology so we are not used. That doesn’t mean we cut ourselves off from it completely. If we do that than we are shrinking our world view to that which we can see ourselves. Like everything else in life we must take new media in proportion, with a clear mind. If so we may be able to avoid â€Å"Amusing Ourselves to Death†.

Network managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Network managment - Essay Example r down; today performance management has become a crucial part of the IT teams role which brings about a host of challenges -- especially for global organizations. MAN: Metropolitan Area Network, a data network designed for a town or city. In terms of geographic breadth, MANs are larger than local-area networks (LANs), but smaller than wide-area networks (WANs). MANs are usually characterized by very high-speed connections using fiber optical cable or other digital media. A MAN is optimized for a larger geographical area than is a LAN, ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire cities. MANs can also depend on communications channels of moderate-to-high data rates. A MAN might be owned and operated by a single organization, but it usually will be used by many individuals and organizations. MANs might also be owned and operated as public utilities. They will often provide means for internetworking of local networks. Metropolitan area networks can span up to 50km, devices used are modem and wire/cable Some technologies used for this purpose are ATM, FDDI, and SMDS. These older technologies are in the process of being displaced by Ethernet-based MANs (e.g. Metro Ethernet) in most areas. MAN links between LANs have been built without cables using either microwave, radio, or infra-red laser links. DQDB, Distributed Queue Dual Bus, is the Metropolitan Area Network standard for data communication. It is specified in the IEEE 802.6 standard. Using DQDB, networks can be up to 30 miles long and operate at speeds of 34 to 155 Mbit/s. MAN adopted technologies from both LAN and WAN to serve its purpose. Some legacy technologies used for MAN are ATM, FDDI, DQDB and SMDS. These older technologies are in the process of being displaced by Gigabit Ethernet and 10 Gigabit Ethernet. At the physical level, MAN links between LANs have been built on fibre optical cables or using wireless technologies such as microwave or radio. The Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) composes a

The online world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The online world - Essay Example In the following discussion, the focus is on enhancement of our personal and social lives by the online world. Social networking, cloud-based computing, and mobile technologies are transforming how people learn, work, and play. Digital technology has evolved quickly from personal computers and networks to participatory social, academic, and political Web 2.0 environments with a new vocabulary and new temporal and special interactions. Web 2.0 applications safari, Geocaching, Flickr, Google, Blogger, GarageBand, YouTube, iMovies, Facebook, Twitter, iPhone, and iPad are part of the new user-centric information infrastructure that emphasizes creative participation over presentation; encourages focused conversation and short briefs written in less technical, public vernacular; and facilitates innovative explorations, experimentations, and purposeful tinkering that often forms the basis of situated understanding that emerges from action. In the current world, the online world has replaced the actual lives, thanks to the introduction of new devices and a new lifestyle. The strategy involves using iPads instead of clipboards and switching manual activities to technological ones. Additionally, the online world involves putting information on an online device as opposed to delivering it manually. This substitution has come as a benefit in the business world due to upgrade of performance. Arguably, companies across the globe have embraced the online world and operations have improved. Doing business is now easy, thanks to introduction of e-Commerce, which has made it possible to move to Smartphones from the PC and wallets have been replaced with e-Payments for example PayPal and Payoneer online money transfer which is done in the social media (Kadushin 67). Substituting everything to technology is easy to understand because physical stores have been replaced with e-Store for instance

Douglas Crockford Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Douglas Crockford - Essay Example The system which is found in our brain makes us vulnerable to advertising and makes propaganda which also influences our programming styles. This talk basically looks scientifically the development of programming style which improves the reliability of programs. Examples given in JavaScript, a programming language with exceptionally large numbers of bad parts, but the principles are applicable in all the other programming language. I do agree with Douglas Crock ford when he says we should design programs which can be used to create other complicated programs, this will make it easier for upcoming programmers being conversant with programming techniques more easily when creating programs, on other designed platforms (Crockford p 68). For example, I prefer designing websites using net beans rather than, using note pads which might be very tiresome. In conclusion, it is evident that, designing programmers on any platform each much easier and straightforward, it is proven by almost all programmers are using other programs to create their